Cats: Essential Type Class Hierarchy, Explained
Cats is a complex library for Scala. In this article, we’ll deconstruct the major type classes of Cats and explain how they’re connected.
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scala
Scala Testing with ScalaTest: Test Styles for Beginners
In this article, we’ll go through the major testing styles with Scala and ScalaTest, and we’ll understand what ‘FunSuite’, ‘FlatSpec’ etc mean.
Scala Functional Collections
A short article with a powerful idea about functional collections many Scala programmers do not know about.
Monads are Monoids in the Category of Endofunctors - Scala version, No Psychobabble
What’s the problem?
Scala 3: How Givens Can Work with Implicits
This quick article will show you how given instances in Scala 3 can work with Scala 2’s implicits.
Semigroups and Monoids in Scala
This article is about Monoids and Semigroups as a gentle introduction to functional abstractions and to how the Cats library works.
N-Queens in Scala: How to Approach Algorithm Questions
Learn how to approach a Google-style algorithm interview question in Scala with pure functional programming.
Organizing Services with ZIO and ZLayers
ZIO layers (ZLayers) help us structure our complex services into modules that are independent, composable and easy to understand. Let’s take a look.
Value Classes in Scala
An ad-hoc type definition technique for eliminating bugs which are hard to trace, with implementations in Scala 2 via newtypes and in Scala 3 via opaque types.
Mutability in Scala
Although frowned upon by FP purists, creating and managing mutable data structures is important in any language. Scala has some first-class features.
Idiomatic Error Handling in Scala
Error handling is likely one of the most frustrating part of programming, and in Scala, there are better and worse ways to do it. Let’s take a look.
Match Types in Scala 3
Scala 3 comes with lots of new features. In this episode, match types: a pattern matching on types, and a tool for more accurate type checking.
How to Sort Lists in Scala with Tail Recursion
Sorting lists might be a “school” problem, but in this article I’ll show you how to use proper FP, tail recursion and more, using this popular example. Might...
Algebraic Data Types (ADT) in Scala
Every developer using Scala meets the acronym ADT sooner or later. In this article, we will try to answer all of your questions about ADTs.
Objects and Companions in Scala
This article is for the starting Scala programmer: an introduction to singleton objects and companions in Scala, what they can do, and why and where we shoul...
What the Functor?
In this article, we’ll explore one of the most used (and useful) concepts in pure functional programming: the Functor. Pretty abstract, so buckle up.
Immutable Doubly Linked Lists in Scala with Call-By-Name and Lazy Values
I’ll show you a technique to use lazy values and call-by-name for recursive value definitions and implement a fully immutable doubly-linked list in Scala.
Scala 3: Path-Dependent Types, Type Projections, Dependent Methods and Functions
This quick tutorial will show you what dependent types are and how they work in Scala 3, along with dependent methods and functions.
Variance Positions in Scala, Demystified
We’ll take a look at the famous “covariant type occurs in contravariant position” problem, and what we can do about it.
Type Lambdas in Scala 3
Exploring a quick but powerful structure in Scala 3 - type lambdas. This will help you think higher-level.
Types, Kinds and Type Constructors in Scala
Scala has a powerful type system. We look at how Scala types can be organized, what type constructors are, and why we should care.
Scala 3: Opaque Types
We discover opaque type aliases in Scala 3 and how we can define new types with zero overhead.
Scala 3 Traits: New Features
This article will continue some of the previous explorations of Scala 3. Here, we’ll discuss some of the new functionality of traits in Scala 3.
Enums in Scala 3
Scala 3 introduces enums. About time! Even though it might seem like something minor, it has important implications.
New Types in Scala 3
Scala 3 introduces some new kinds of types, which we’re eagerly awaiting for.
Lenses, Prisms and Optics in Scala
A really nice way to inspect, extract and modify deeply nested data structures in Scala.
How to Deploy a Scala Application to AWS Lambda
Scala code is super easy to deploy to AWS lambda. We show you how in this step by step tutorial.
Refined Types in Scala
We look at how we can impose constraints on values at compile time with the Refined library.
Underscores are Overloaded in Scala!
Scala syntax is so confusing sometimes - I’ll show almost all uses of underscores in Scala. Sometimes the philosophy is inconsistent, but it’s worth at least...
Eta-Expansion and Partially Applied Functions in Scala
We explore some not-so-well-understood territory in the form of eta-expansion and how methods and functions interoperate.
Type-Level Programming in Scala, Part 3
Final blow in the type-level trilogy. We learn how to sort lists… at compile time.
Type-Level Programming in Scala, Part 2
We continue down the path of type-level power in Scala. We learn to add numbers as types, at compile time.
Type-Level Programming in Scala, Part 1
This one is hardcode. We make the Scala compiler infer type relationships for us at compile time. Pure power.
The Practical Difference Between Abstract Classes and Traits in Scala
Abstract classes and traits share a lot of overlap in Scala. How are they actually different?
How Does “20 seconds” Work in Scala?
Various constructions like “20.seconds” look like baked into the Scala language. Let’s see how these work.
The Difference Between Null, Nothing, Nil, None and Unit in Scala
We explore the various flavors of nothing-ness in Scala.
Why are Type Classes Useful in Scala?
FP fans talk about pure functional programming in Scala with type classes. They’re hard. Why do we really need them?
A Monads Approach for Beginners, in Scala
A Scala tutorial on Monads that makes no assumptions and starts from practical needs. We derive the monad patterns (“laws”) from scratch.
5 Nice Scala Tricks for Expressiveness
Scala is an amazingly expressive language, but even the most experienced devs aren’t aware of all the subtleties.
How to Create Your Own Custom String Interpolator
Yep, you can write your own interpolator that looks like it was built into the Scala language. Learn how.
Sync, Async and (non) blocking in Scala and Akka
We discuss the tradeoffs between 3 different styles of writing parallel code, in terms of thread use (and other effects) in Scala and Akka.
4 Nice Ways to Read Files in Scala
Learn to read files in Scala like a boss and compare it to other styles in other languages. We write a simple API which looks almost as easy as Python’s read...
3 Fun Tricks with Call-By-Name in Scala
Maximize the call-by-name semantics in Scala and manipulate your results when you want them.
Much Ado About Nothing in Scala
We go on a short trip to Nothing (and nothing-ness) in Scala. Nothing is actually pretty useful.
How Things Don’t Make Sense - Scala Loops
Daniel goes into another rant about learning (and teaching) Scala using loops. Are they actually useful?
How Things Don’t Make Sense - Scala Variables
Daniel goes into a small rant about learning (and teaching) Scala using variables.
Higher-Order Functions for OO Programmers
For OO programmers looking to dive into functional programming in Scala: a gentle introduction to functions working with other functions.
Controllable Futures in Scala
In this article we learn to address the problem of “deterministic” Futures in Scala, using Promises.
Self-types in Scala, Real Quick
Self types are a really interesting way to enforce type constraints in Scala. Learn to use it in a few minutes.
Why is Scala contravariance so hard?
The Scala type system is powerful, but also hard. We look at contravariance in Scala and try to make some sense out of it.
8 Scala Pattern Matching Tricks
Pattern matching is one of the most powerful Scala features. Learn to use it to the max so you can write your best Scala code.
type system
Scala 3: Path-Dependent Types, Type Projections, Dependent Methods and Functions
This quick tutorial will show you what dependent types are and how they work in Scala 3, along with dependent methods and functions.
Variance Positions in Scala, Demystified
We’ll take a look at the famous “covariant type occurs in contravariant position” problem, and what we can do about it.
Type Lambdas in Scala 3
Exploring a quick but powerful structure in Scala 3 - type lambdas. This will help you think higher-level.
Types, Kinds and Type Constructors in Scala
Scala has a powerful type system. We look at how Scala types can be organized, what type constructors are, and why we should care.
New Types in Scala 3
Scala 3 introduces some new kinds of types, which we’re eagerly awaiting for.
Refined Types in Scala
We look at how we can impose constraints on values at compile time with the Refined library.
Type-Level Programming in Scala, Part 3
Final blow in the type-level trilogy. We learn how to sort lists… at compile time.
Type-Level Programming in Scala, Part 2
We continue down the path of type-level power in Scala. We learn to add numbers as types, at compile time.
Type-Level Programming in Scala, Part 1
This one is hardcode. We make the Scala compiler infer type relationships for us at compile time. Pure power.
The Practical Difference Between Abstract Classes and Traits in Scala
Abstract classes and traits share a lot of overlap in Scala. How are they actually different?
The Difference Between Null, Nothing, Nil, None and Unit in Scala
We explore the various flavors of nothing-ness in Scala.
Why are Type Classes Useful in Scala?
FP fans talk about pure functional programming in Scala with type classes. They’re hard. Why do we really need them?
Much Ado About Nothing in Scala
We go on a short trip to Nothing (and nothing-ness) in Scala. Nothing is actually pretty useful.
Self-types in Scala, Real Quick
Self types are a really interesting way to enforce type constraints in Scala. Learn to use it in a few minutes.
Why is Scala contravariance so hard?
The Scala type system is powerful, but also hard. We look at contravariance in Scala and try to make some sense out of it.
scala 3
Scala 3: Extension Methods
Deconstructing extension methods, one of the most exciting features of the upcoming Scala 3.
Scala 3: How Givens Can Work with Implicits
This quick article will show you how given instances in Scala 3 can work with Scala 2’s implicits.
Match Types in Scala 3
Scala 3 comes with lots of new features. In this episode, match types: a pattern matching on types, and a tool for more accurate type checking.
Scala 3: Path-Dependent Types, Type Projections, Dependent Methods and Functions
This quick tutorial will show you what dependent types are and how they work in Scala 3, along with dependent methods and functions.
Givens vs. Implicits in Scala 3
From the previous article, you know how givens work. Let’s compare them with the old Scala implicits.
Given and Using Clauses in Scala 3
The given/using clauses are some of the most important features of Scala 3. Read on for the essential concepts and how to use them.”
Infix Methods in Scala 3
A quick article on one of the simple, but expressive features of the Scala 3 method syntax.
Let’s Talk About the Scala 3 Indentation
Some people love it, some hate it. Scala 3 indented syntax is not that bad, and it might actually help. Let’s take a look at how Scala 3 can change the struc...
Type Lambdas in Scala 3
Exploring a quick but powerful structure in Scala 3 - type lambdas. This will help you think higher-level.
Scala 3: Opaque Types
We discover opaque type aliases in Scala 3 and how we can define new types with zero overhead.
Scala 3 Traits: New Features
This article will continue some of the previous explorations of Scala 3. Here, we’ll discuss some of the new functionality of traits in Scala 3.
Enums in Scala 3
Scala 3 introduces enums. About time! Even though it might seem like something minor, it has important implications.
New Types in Scala 3
Scala 3 introduces some new kinds of types, which we’re eagerly awaiting for.
akka
Akka Typed: Adapting Messages
In this article we’ll see a good practice for organizing code, messages, domains and logic in an Akka application with Scala.
Akka Typed: How the Pipe Pattern Prevents Anti-Patterns
Akka Typed has not only made fundamental changes in the actor protocol definitions, but made significant improvements in actor mechanics as well.
Akka Typed Actors: Stateful and Stateless
Akka Typed has fundamentally changed the way we create actors. In this article we’ll look at several ways we can keep state inside Akka actors.
How Akka Typed Incentivizes You to Write Good Code
Akka Typed is one of the best things that happened with the Akka API. We explore how good practices are baked into the API directly.
Sync, Async and (non) blocking in Scala and Akka
We discuss the tradeoffs between 3 different styles of writing parallel code, in terms of thread use (and other effects) in Scala and Akka.
Materialized Values in Akka Streams
We demystify one of the hardest concepts in Akka Streams: materialized values.
Sending HTTP Requests in Scala and Akka in 5 minutes
Learn to use Akka HTTP with Scala and send HTTP requests in just a few minutes with the Akka HTTP server DSL.
spark
ALL the Joins in Spark DataFrames
It’s obvious that Spark allows us to join tables. What’s not obvious is how many different kinds of joins Spark supports. We explore them in this article.
Broadcast Joins in Apache Spark: an Optimization Technique
Broadcast joins in Apache Spark are one of the most bang-for-the-buck techniques for optimizing speed and avoiding memory issues. Let’s take a look.
Repartition vs Coalesce in Apache Spark
Drawing the line between two fundamental repartitioning operations in Apache Spark.
Comparing Akka Streams, Kafka Streams and Spark Streaming
We compare three of the most popular streaming libraries and see where Akka Streams, Kafka Streams and Spark Streaming are most useful.
Reading Spark DAGs
We walk you through one of the foundational skills for Spark performance optimization: reading the Spark UI and the graph of how your job is structured.
Reading Spark Query Plans
In this article you’ll learn one of the most important Spark skill: reading how your job will run. This is foundational to any further Spark optimization.
how to
How to Deploy a Scala Application to AWS Lambda
Scala code is super easy to deploy to AWS lambda. We show you how in this step by step tutorial.
Akka HTTP to Heroku in 10 Minutes
Akka HTTP is super easy to deploy to a web server. Learn how to use Heroku and deploy your first Akka HTTP service in minutes.
Reading Spark DAGs
We walk you through one of the foundational skills for Spark performance optimization: reading the Spark UI and the graph of how your job is structured.
Reading Spark Query Plans
In this article you’ll learn one of the most important Spark skill: reading how your job will run. This is foundational to any further Spark optimization.
Sending HTTP Requests in Scala and Akka in 5 minutes
Learn to use Akka HTTP with Scala and send HTTP requests in just a few minutes with the Akka HTTP server DSL.
functional programming
Eta-Expansion and Partially Applied Functions in Scala
We explore some not-so-well-understood territory in the form of eta-expansion and how methods and functions interoperate.
Why are Type Classes Useful in Scala?
FP fans talk about pure functional programming in Scala with type classes. They’re hard. Why do we really need them?
A Monads Approach for Beginners, in Scala
A Scala tutorial on Monads that makes no assumptions and starts from practical needs. We derive the monad patterns (“laws”) from scratch.
Higher-Order Functions for OO Programmers
For OO programmers looking to dive into functional programming in Scala: a gentle introduction to functions working with other functions.
tricks
How Does “20 seconds” Work in Scala?
Various constructions like “20.seconds” look like baked into the Scala language. Let’s see how these work.
5 Nice Scala Tricks for Expressiveness
Scala is an amazingly expressive language, but even the most experienced devs aren’t aware of all the subtleties.
How to Create Your Own Custom String Interpolator
Yep, you can write your own interpolator that looks like it was built into the Scala language. Learn how.
3 Fun Tricks with Call-By-Name in Scala
Maximize the call-by-name semantics in Scala and manipulate your results when you want them.
cats
Unleashing the Power of HTTP Apis: The Http4s Library
Once we learned the basics of functional programming, it’s time to understand how to use them to expose APIs over an HTTP channel. If we know the Cats ecosys...
Cats: Essential Type Class Hierarchy, Explained
Cats is a complex library for Scala. In this article, we’ll deconstruct the major type classes of Cats and explain how they’re connected.
Semigroups and Monoids in Scala
This article is about Monoids and Semigroups as a gentle introduction to functional abstractions and to how the Cats library works.
What the Functor?
In this article, we’ll explore one of the most used (and useful) concepts in pure functional programming: the Functor. Pretty abstract, so buckle up.
akka http
Akka HTTP loves JSON: 3 Libraries You Can Integrate into Akka HTTP
Akka HTTP needs JSON like humans need water. We show you how to integrate Spray-Json, Circe and Jackson into Akka HTTP.
Akka HTTP to Heroku in 10 Minutes
Akka HTTP is super easy to deploy to a web server. Learn how to use Heroku and deploy your first Akka HTTP service in minutes.
Sending HTTP Requests in Scala and Akka in 5 minutes
Learn to use Akka HTTP with Scala and send HTTP requests in just a few minutes with the Akka HTTP server DSL.
akka streams
How to Use Akka Streams Graph DSL
Akka Streams has the Graph DSL, which is one of its most powerful APIs. Learn how to use it and get started quickly with Akka Streams.
Comparing Akka Streams, Kafka Streams and Spark Streaming
We compare three of the most popular streaming libraries and see where Akka Streams, Kafka Streams and Spark Streaming are most useful.
Materialized Values in Akka Streams
We demystify one of the hardest concepts in Akka Streams: materialized values.
cats effect
Unleashing the Power of HTTP Apis: The Http4s Library
Once we learned the basics of functional programming, it’s time to understand how to use them to expose APIs over an HTTP channel. If we know the Cats ecosys...
Cats Effect 3 - Racing IOs
After the previous introduction to concurrency in Cats Effect, we’ll look at how to manage racing IOs and fibers.
Cats Effect 3 - Introduction to Fibers
A quick dive into asynchronous computations with fibers in Cats Effect 3, written for Scala 3.
teaching
How Things Don’t Make Sense - Scala Loops
Daniel goes into another rant about learning (and teaching) Scala using loops. Are they actually useful?
How Things Don’t Make Sense - Scala Variables
Daniel goes into a small rant about learning (and teaching) Scala using variables.
rant
How Things Don’t Make Sense - Scala Loops
Daniel goes into another rant about learning (and teaching) Scala using loops. Are they actually useful?
How Things Don’t Make Sense - Scala Variables
Daniel goes into a small rant about learning (and teaching) Scala using variables.
async
Controllable Futures in Scala
In this article we learn to address the problem of “deterministic” Futures in Scala, using Promises.
io
4 Nice Ways to Read Files in Scala
Learn to read files in Scala like a boss and compare it to other styles in other languages. We write a simple API which looks almost as easy as Python’s read...
heroku
Akka HTTP to Heroku in 10 Minutes
Akka HTTP is super easy to deploy to a web server. Learn how to use Heroku and deploy your first Akka HTTP service in minutes.
kafka
Comparing Akka Streams, Kafka Streams and Spark Streaming
We compare three of the most popular streaming libraries and see where Akka Streams, Kafka Streams and Spark Streaming are most useful.
spark streaming
Comparing Akka Streams, Kafka Streams and Spark Streaming
We compare three of the most popular streaming libraries and see where Akka Streams, Kafka Streams and Spark Streaming are most useful.
refined
Refined Types in Scala
We look at how we can impose constraints on values at compile time with the Refined library.
aws
How to Deploy a Scala Application to AWS Lambda
Scala code is super easy to deploy to AWS lambda. We show you how in this step by step tutorial.
spray
Akka HTTP loves JSON: 3 Libraries You Can Integrate into Akka HTTP
Akka HTTP needs JSON like humans need water. We show you how to integrate Spray-Json, Circe and Jackson into Akka HTTP.
circe
Akka HTTP loves JSON: 3 Libraries You Can Integrate into Akka HTTP
Akka HTTP needs JSON like humans need water. We show you how to integrate Spray-Json, Circe and Jackson into Akka HTTP.
jackson
Akka HTTP loves JSON: 3 Libraries You Can Integrate into Akka HTTP
Akka HTTP needs JSON like humans need water. We show you how to integrate Spray-Json, Circe and Jackson into Akka HTTP.
monocle
Lenses, Prisms and Optics in Scala
A really nice way to inspect, extract and modify deeply nested data structures in Scala.
traits
Scala 3 Traits: New Features
This article will continue some of the previous explorations of Scala 3. Here, we’ll discuss some of the new functionality of traits in Scala 3.
optimization
Broadcast Joins in Apache Spark: an Optimization Technique
Broadcast joins in Apache Spark are one of the most bang-for-the-buck techniques for optimizing speed and avoiding memory issues. Let’s take a look.
data structures
Immutable Doubly Linked Lists in Scala with Call-By-Name and Lazy Values
I’ll show you a technique to use lazy values and call-by-name for recursive value definitions and implement a fully immutable doubly-linked list in Scala.
meta
2020 Retrospective (and What’s Coming in 2021)
In this article I’ll wrap 2020 and share a few insights, achievements and changes, and I’ll project some plans for the future of Rock the JVM.
zio
Organizing Services with ZIO and ZLayers
ZIO layers (ZLayers) help us structure our complex services into modules that are independent, composable and easy to understand. Let’s take a look.
algorithm
N-Queens in Scala: How to Approach Algorithm Questions
Learn how to approach a Google-style algorithm interview question in Scala with pure functional programming.
mathematics
category theory
collections
Scala Functional Collections
A short article with a powerful idea about functional collections many Scala programmers do not know about.
testing
Scala Testing with ScalaTest: Test Styles for Beginners
In this article, we’ll go through the major testing styles with Scala and ScalaTest, and we’ll understand what ‘FunSuite’, ‘FlatSpec’ etc mean.
http4s
Unleashing the Power of HTTP Apis: The Http4s Library
Once we learned the basics of functional programming, it’s time to understand how to use them to expose APIs over an HTTP channel. If we know the Cats ecosys...